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Biotechnology
and Aquaculture Industry in India: A Sustainable Approach
--
Vaibhav Goel, Akshay
Garg and Akansha Garg
In
this era of globalization, where we are breathing the quintessence
of free trade, the contribution of aquaculture as an industry
is significant. Biotechnology, globally recognized as a rapidly
emerging and far reaching technology, is aptly described as
the `technology of hope' for its contribution to food, health
and environmental sustainability. This paper explores those
aspects of environmental law which are related to the application
of biotechnology, its regulation and its sustainable use in
aquaculture industry for the country's development and progress.
Aquaculture is the farming of aquatic organism in fresh, brackish
or salt water to produce various aquatic organisms through
scientific methods. The tremendous rise in the global trade
of aquatic organism has resulted in indiscriminate practices
of aquaculture, which has led to degradation of marine ecology
and has caused irreparable damage to the environment. This
paper also aims at identifying the challenges posed by the
modern practices of aquaculture as compared to the traditional
practices and finding out ways and means through the regulated
use of biotechnology to address these challenges, and to develop
a sustainable approach towards aquaculture. Furthermore, it
concentrates on the risk assessment and risk management related
to the use of biotechnology in aquaculture and also analyzes
the capacity and implementation challenges in respect of developing
countries. This paper addresses many of the issues that have
arisen from the the use of modern biotechnology in the aquaculture
industry. The discussion becomes more important in the absence
of adequate legal regulation in respect of aquaculture or
biotechnology. The paper concludes by submitting recommendations
and suggestions about the sustainable use of aquaculture through
the use of biotechnology to protect the environment.
©
2008 The Icfai University Press. All Rights Reserved.
Rethinking
Decision Making in International Environmental Law: A Process-Oriented
Inquiry into Sustainable Development --
Rebecca Bratspies
Drawing
on insights from social and behavioral sciences, the New Haven
School of legal analysis, championed by Harold Lasswell and
Myres McDougal, proposed a worldwide jurisprudence of human
dignity. Their process-oriented jurisprudence attempted to
flesh out the core values of human dignity and the processes
necessary to translate those values into universal theories
of authoritative decision making. Of particular interest is
the role they proposed for science in legal analysis. This
paper explores the relationship between New Haven School ideas
of authoritative decision making and the environmental challenges
posed by sustainable development. Exploring the tensions between
the malleability of sustainable development as an international
principle and the precision of the multilateral environmental
agreements that shape international environmental law, this
paper identifies how the very idea of authoritative decision
is being reshaped in the context of globalization. This paper
suggests that some portions of the New Haven approach might
help making sense of the new multiplicity of decision makers
in the globalized arena, and also help international environmental
law confront the duties owed to future generations. Using
the international debate over cost-benefit versus precautionary
approaches to regulation, this paper tests both the strengths
and weaknesses of New Haven thinking about science, and draws
the conclusion that the lessons offered for environmental
problem-solving are cautionary as well as salutary. Ultimately,
this paper concludes that although the specific scientific
matrices and analysis proposed by New Haven writings are a
product of their times, many of the School's basic insights
about the need for contextual, problem-oriented and multi-disciplinary
analysis still ring true.
©
2007 Yale Journal of International Law. This paper was earlier
published in the Yale Journal of International Law, Vol.
32, No. 369. Reprinted with Permission.
Solidarity
and Subsidiarity in a Changing Climate: Green Building as
Legal and Moral Obligation --
Jamison Colburn
This
essay grew out of a symposium on Catholic social thought.
It makes the case for solidarity and subsidiarity as principles
of applied (secular) ethics by injecting them into what must
be their most challenging context: catastrophic global climate
disruption. It argues that the principles of solidarity and
subsidiarity hold tremendous potential within our liberal
constitutional tradition by exploring the developing trend
toward "green building" in the US. Part 1 describes
what we know about greenhouse gases and climate disruption
while Part 2 frames the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity.
Part 3 explores the phenomenal growth of green building in
the US and the moves by many cities and towns to encourage
and, in some cases, require green building within their borders.
Part 4 situates this context within our land use planning
traditions and the coming battle for building standards in
our changing climate. Finally, Part 5 compares building green
as a moral and as a legal obligation in a world of uncertain
possibilities and unintended consequences. The overall argument
is that fighting for legally binding obligations at the fullest
scale, necessary to address problems like climate disruption,
before first taking more local, cooperative actions possible
today probably entails prohibitive opportunity costs.
©
2008 Jamison Colburn. This paper is forthcoming in the University
of St. Thomas Law Journal. Reprinted with Permission.
BOOK
REVIEW
Environment
and Air Pollution: Policies and Perspectives
-- Editor:
A Usha Reviewed by L Lakshmi
The
book enumerates the sources of air pollution and identifies
its diverse effects on climate change, which is a global concern.
Hence, the need of the hour is to protect the environment
either by framing effective regulations or punitive legislations
or conventions. The book makes a sincere attempt to create
awareness in this regard.
©
2008 The Icfai University Press. All Rights Reserved.
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